厄瓜多尔的母亲就业和儿童营养不良问题
José Andrade1,2, Joan Gil2,3
1Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str., 18057 Rostock, Germany.
概括
在厄瓜多尔,母亲的就业与儿童发育不良的风险更高有关,这表明工作时间超过了对儿童健康的收入利益. 这种效应在富裕家庭的受过教育的母亲中更为明显.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,儿童营养不良仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题.
- 了解儿童健康的社会经济决定因素对于有效的政策干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计母亲就业对厄瓜多尔儿童营养不良的因果关系.
- 分析母亲工作时间和照顾孩子的活动之间的权衡.
主要方法:
- 采用了仪器变量 (IV) 方法,以异源的州区变化.
- 来自厄瓜多尔2018年国家健康和营养调查和2014年生活条件调查的就业数据.
主要成果:
- 发现,母亲的就业增加了4.2-18.1%的儿童衰老的概率.
- 对于减肥,体重不足或超重的情况没有观察到显著的影响.
- 对于高收入家庭的受过高等教育的母亲来说,对发育迟缓的影响更大.
结论:
- 母亲就业的时间限制超过了对儿童健康的潜在收入影响,特别是在富裕和受过教育的母亲身上.
- 政府的政策,如有条件的现金转移,可能有助于减轻对弱势家庭的负面影响.
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