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相关概念视频

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
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Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
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Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Cholinesterases are a group of serine hydrolase enzymes that play a crucial role in the breakdown of choline esters. The two primary types of cholinesterases are acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChEs), which differ in their distribution, function, and substrate specificity. AChEs, also known as true cholinesterases, specifically hydrolyze acetylcholine, while BuChEs, often referred to as pseudocholinesterases, can hydrolyze various choline esters, including...
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
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氧化的功能和氧化合成酶在水生鱼中的演变.

Annamaria Locascio1, Giovanni Annona1,2, Filomena Caccavale1

  • 1Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.

International journal of molecular sciences
|July 14, 2023
PubMed
概括

氧化 (NO) 在许多生物过程中至关重要. 本综述详细介绍了氧化合成酶 (Nos) 基因的演变和水生带动物中NO的功能,揭示了脊椎动物基因重复的洞察力.

关键词:
两动物两动物胚胎发育过程中的胚胎.鱼类鱼类鱼类鱼类的鱼类鱼类.无脊椎动物 带状动物变形转化是一种转化.神经系统 神经系统

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科学领域:

  • * 分子生物学 * 分子生物学
  • * 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • * 生物化学 * 生物化学

背景情况:

  • *氧化 (NO) 在几乎所有生物体的各种生理和病理过程中起到关键的信号分子作用.
  • * 通过对非哺乳动物脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的研究,对NO的功能的研究显著扩大.
  • * 氧化合成酶 (Nos) 基因家族在NO生产中发挥着核心作用.

研究的目的:

  • * 审查带动物中特征性氧化合成酶 (Nos) 基因.
  • *对水生带动物NO功能进行比较分析:带动物,头带动物,远鱼和两动物.
  • *阐明NOS基因从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物的进化轨迹.

主要方法:

  • *对带动物中NOS基因和NO功能现有研究的文献综述.
  • *对不同水生带动物群体的基因结构和功能进行比较分析.
  • * 综合数据以了解进化模式.

主要成果:

  • *在选定的水生带动物中识别和表征NOS基因.
  • *详细的 NO 信号通路的功能分析,在衣动物,头带动物,远鱼和两动物.
  • *比较数据突出显示了从无脊椎动物中的单个NOS基因到脊椎动物中的多个基因的过渡.

结论:

  • * 带动物中Nos基因的演变显示出明显的重复模式,导致脊椎动物的补充.
  • *NO在水生带动物的生理和发育中起着保留和不同的作用.
  • * 本综述提供了一个全面的资源,以了解NO信号和水生鱼的NO演变.