为生育年龄的埃塞俄比亚妇女制定可行的健康饮食:线性目标编程方法
Tesfaye Hailu Bekele1,2, Maike van Rooijen3, Johanna C Gerdessen3
1Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Public health nutrition
|July 14, 2023
概括
为妇女制定健康的埃塞俄比亚饮食,考虑禁食,显示了足够的营养素,但成本翻了一番. 这些模拟饮食接近当前的饮食习惯,但可能太昂贵,无法实施.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 饮食建模 饮食建模
背景情况:
- 埃塞俄比亚生育年龄的妇女,尽管能耗很高,但营养摄入量往往低于最佳水平.
- 在埃塞俄比亚东正教基督教中常见的禁食期间,影响饮食模式和营养素的可用性.
- 制定文化相关和营养充足的饮食需要仔细考虑传统的饮食习惯和经济因素.
研究的目的:
- 为埃塞俄比亚妇女创造健康的饮食模式,与她们目前的食物摄入量非常相似.
- 评估这些饮食的营养充足性和成本影响,包括禁食期间.
- 评估在埃塞俄比亚背景下实施这些优化饮食的可行性.
主要方法:
- 线性目标编程模型是为非禁食,连续禁食和间歇性禁食场景开发的.
- 模型将11个关键营养素 (蛋白质,Ca,Fe,Zn,叶酸,维生素A,B1,B2,B3,B6,B12) 与参考值的偏差最小化,能量摄入量仅与当前饮食偏差5%.
- 收集了494名埃塞俄比亚妇女的饮食数据,使用两个非连续的24小时饮食召回.
主要成果:
- 与目前的饮食相比,优化饮食显著增加了牛奶/乳制品,坚果/种子和水果的摄入量.
- 除了连续禁食的和维生素B12外,建议的饮食符合目标微量营养素需求.
- 模拟饮食的成本大约是当前饮食的两倍,每天高达120埃塞俄比亚比尔 (3.5美元).
结论:
- 开发的饮食模式在营养上是合理的,与埃塞俄比亚妇女的能量需求和当前饮食模式保持一致.
- 虽然满足营养需求,但优化饮食的增加成本对其广泛采用构成潜在障碍.
- 需要进一步研究具有成本效益的策略,以加强这些健康饮食建议的实际实施.
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