下最大和上最大突出异常负荷对质量和功能的影响
Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo1, Fernando Martín-Rivera2, Kazunori Nosaka3
1i+HeATLH, European University Miguel de Cervantes (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain.
Frontiers in physiology
|July 14, 2023
概括
使用亚最大或最高负荷的异常超负荷 (EO) 训练在肌肉功能和肌肉质量方面产生了类似的收益. 超最大负荷可能为增加一次重复的最大 (1-RM) 强度提供轻微的优势.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 肌肉生理学 肌肉生理学
背景情况:
- 异常超载 (EO) 训练使用与异常力容量相对应的负载.
- 根据同心一次重复最大值 (1-RM) 处方异常负荷是常见的,因为个体的变化.
- 调查亚最大与上最大EO训练对于优化训练协议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较亚最大 (90% 1-RM) 和最高最大 (120% 1-RM) 异常超负荷训练的效果.
- 评估瘦肉量,合成代谢激素反应和肌肉功能的变化.
- 为了确定是否需要超最大负荷来增强强度和性能.
主要方法:
- 27名身体活跃的学生每周两次接受10周的主导腿同位素训练.
- 两个小组以90% (SUB) 或1RM的120% (SUPRA) 执行了异常阶段,以30%的1RM同心负荷.
- 测量包括瘦肉量,荷尔蒙反应 (IGF-1,IL-6),1-RM,同位数收缩,耐力,功率和跳跃高度.
主要成果:
- 无论是SUB和SUPRA组都显示出最大自发同度收缩,肌肉耐力,肌肉力量在40%的1-RM,肌肉质量,IGF-1和IL-6的显著增加.
- 与 SUB 组相比,SUPRA 组在 1-RM 强度和垂直跳高度上显著增加.
- 在SUB组中,高强度的肌肉力量也增加了,但在两组之间没有显著差异.
结论:
- 十周的异常超负荷训练,使用亚最大或至高最大的异常负荷,会导致肌肉功能和瘦肉质量的相似改善.
- 在增强1-RM强度方面,超最大偏心负荷可能更有效.
- 对于那些寻求整体力量和肌肉适应的健康,活跃的个体来说,超极小偏心负荷的好处可能并不必不可少.
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