为什么许多关于个人差异与抑制任务的研究可能无法定位相关性?
Jeffrey N Rouder1, Aakriti Kumar2, Julia M Haaf3
1University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. jrouder@uci.edu.
Psychonomic bulletin & review
|July 14, 2023
概括
测量认知任务相关性是很困难的,因为重要的试验噪音. 这种噪音比个体变异性大8倍,掩盖了真正的关系,影响了研究结果.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 了解认知中的个体差异需要评估任务性能相关性.
- 在常见的认知抑制任务 (例如,Stroop,Flanker) 之间建立可靠的相关性是具有挑战性的.
- 这种困难的原因尚不清楚,可能是由于缺乏真正的相关性或分析限制.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用大型数据集,研究认知任务中的相关性局部化.
- 为了确定试验噪声对相关性测量的影响程度.
- 开发和评估分离试验噪声和个体变异性的等级模型.
主要方法:
- 利用层次模型来区分试验级噪声和稳定的个人差异.
- 分析了24个认知任务的数据,其中有许多参与者,并复制了试验.
- 开发了先进的层次模型,以解释试验,个体和任务共变的变化.
主要成果:
- 研究人员发现,试验噪声大约是研究任务中的个体变异性的8倍.
- 高水平的试验噪声显著减弱相关性和破坏统计纠正的稳定性 (例如,斯皮尔曼).
- 即使是复杂的层次模型也难以准确地定位相关性,突出了噪音的普遍影响.
结论:
- 试验噪声对准确测量认知任务中的相关性构成重大障碍.
- 当前的分析方法可能不足以克服大规模认知研究中测量误差的影响.
- 未来的研究应该专注于研究设计,尽量减少试验噪音,以改善认知相关性的局部化.
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