对呼吸空气的动物生物积累值的跨物种评估
Leslie J Saunders1, Frank Wania1
1Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
目前对空气呼吸器中非生物累积化学物质的规定可能没有保护性. 哺乳动物,鸟类和爬行动物的生理差异可以导致持久化学物质的生物放大,即使低于既定值.
科学领域:
- 环境毒理学环境毒理学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 化学风险评估 化学风险评估 化学风险评估
背景情况:
- 在呼吸空气的生物体中,有机化学物质的消除取决于醇-水 (KOW) 和醇-空气 (KOA) 分割比.
- 目前的法规使用KOW<10^2和KOA<10^5来选空气呼吸器中的非生物累积化学物质.
研究的目的:
- 评估现有的KOW和KOA监管门是否足以防止各种呼吸空气物种的生物放大.
- 为生物积累评估确定特定物种的保护性KOA值.
主要方法:
- 基于模型的方法被用来评估141种哺乳动物,鸟类和爬行动物的生物放大潜力.
- 分析考虑了生理因素,如呼吸速率,饮食中的脂质含量和体温.
主要成果:
- 呼吸速率较低或高脂饮食的动物可以生物放大KOA<10^5.5的化学物质.
- 保护性KOA值因物种而异:哺乳动物<10^4.85,鸟类<10^4.60,爬行动物<10^4.60至<10^3.95,取决于温度.
- 仅通过尿液分泌不足以防止生物放大;对于低KOW化学物质,水空分比 (KWA) 可能至关重要.
结论:
- 现有的空气呼吸器生物积累的监管门可能低估了风险.
- 特定物种的生理特征需要精细的生物积累评估标准.
- 考虑KOW,KOA,KWA和物种生理学的综合方法对于准确的风险评估至关重要.
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