对自然场景解释视网膜神经代码:从计算到神经元
Niru Maheswaranathan1, Lane T McIntosh1, Hidenori Tanaka2
1Neuroscience Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Neuron
|July 14, 2023
概括
一个新的三层网络模型准确地预测了对自然场景的视觉反应. 这个模型揭示了神经计算,运动编码和视网膜中的预测编码的洞察力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 视觉科学 视觉科学 视觉科学
背景情况:
- 了解自然场景视觉处理的神经基础是感官神经科学的一个关键挑战.
- 视网膜计算是复杂的,涉及各种内部神经元和处理途径.
- 神经模型与自然视觉刺激的行为学相关性对于理解大脑功能至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证用于预测视网膜对自然场景的反应的计算模型.
- 为了研究视网膜视觉编码背后的电路机制.
- 探索模型在解释诸如运动编码和预测编码等现象中的行为学相关性.
主要方法:
- 开发一个三层神经网络模型.
- 将模型与自然场景视觉刺激相匹配.
- 模型内部神经元与记录的实验数据之间的相关性分析.
- 模型质细胞计算的分解,以了解内部神经元的贡献.
主要成果:
- 三层网络模型在预测视网膜自然场景反应方面取得了高准确性.
- 模型的内部结构是可解释的,模型和实验内部神经元之间有很高的相关性.
- 在自然场景中训练的模型成功地复制了与运动编码,适应和预测编码相关的现象.
- 一种新的分解方法在视网膜计算中为内部神经元功能产生了新的假设.
结论:
- 开发的模型为研究视网膜电路机制提供了统一和可概括的方法.
- 该模型的成功凸显了自然场景在理解视觉计算方面的重要性.
- 这些发现为预测编码和其他复杂的视网膜功能提供了新的见解.
更多相关视频
10:30Recording Light-evoked Postsynaptic Responses in Neurons in Dark-adapted, Mouse Retinal Slice Preparations Using Patch Clamp Techniques
Published on: February 11, 2015
8.5K
07:53Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments
Published on: January 16, 2024
4.5K
相关概念视频
01:32The Retina
69.2K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
69.2K
01:24Vision
53.6K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.6K
01:20Anatomy of the Eyeball
7.2K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.2K
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.1K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.1K
01:26Visual System
620
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
620
01:24Color Vision
616
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
616