对酸化和O-GlcNAcylation对蛋白质亚细胞局部化影响的系统分析
Senhan Xu1, Suttipong Suttapitugsakul1, Ming Tong1
1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Cell reports
|July 15, 2023
概括
像酸化和O-GlcNAcylation这样的蛋白质修饰会影响蛋白质位于真核细胞内的位置. 这项研究揭示了这些修改如何影响核细胞质分布,进步我们对蛋白质功能的理解.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 蛋白质亚细胞局部化对于真核生物的细胞功能至关重要.
- 蛋白质修饰与它们的局部密切相关.
- 了解这种关系是解读蛋白质作用的关键.
研究的目的:
- 研究蛋白质修饰 (酸化,O-GlcNAcylation) 和它们的亚细胞局部化 (核细胞质分布) 之间的相关性.
- 分析蛋白质大小,结构,功能和局部环境如何影响这些分布.
- 通过突变发生学来验证发现,并评估酶抑制的影响.
主要方法:
- 对酸化,O-GlcNAcylated 和非修饰蛋白质形式的蛋白质组学分析.
- 位点定向突变发生 (相仿和零突变).
- 抑制O-GlcNAc转移酶 (OGT) 和O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 来研究糖蛋白分布变化.
主要成果:
- 与未经修改的蛋白质相比,化和O-GlcNAcylated蛋白质的核分布更高.
- 蛋白质的大小,结构,功能和修改站点环境都会影响本地化.
- 抑制OGT/OGA会改变糖蛋白分布,与丰度变化相关.
结论:
- 蛋白质修改显著影响亚细胞局部化,影响蛋白质功能.
- 这项研究提供了关于酸化和O-GlcNAcylation如何决定蛋白质分布的全面观点.
- 这些发现有助于我们更好地了解细胞调节和真核细胞中的蛋白质功能.
相关概念视频
Phosphorylation
50.6K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
50.6K
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
13.2K
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
13.2K
Protein Glycosylation
7.0K
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Glycosylation occurs in...
7.0K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
6.9K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
6.9K
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells
2.2K
Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
2.2K
Regulated Protein Degradation
7.4K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
7.4K


