在受冲突影响的非洲环境中提供初级医疗保健的模式:系统审查
Lundi-Anne Omam1,2, Elizabeth Jarman3, Kelli N O'Laughlin4
1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK. laon2@cam.ac.uk.
Conflict and health
|July 15, 2023
概括
在冲突地区提供初级医疗保健面临着许多障碍. 社区卫生工作者提供了一个低成本的解决方案,以改善流离失所人口获得和优化护理.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
背景情况:
- 受冲突影响地区流离失所人口获得初级医疗保健受到地理,文化,后勤和安全挑战的严重限制.
- 采用了各种各样的初级医疗保健提供模式,但这些背景下对其选择和实施的证据很少.
- 这项研究旨在探索冲突环境中的初级医疗保健提供模式,以确定现有的差距.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析在受冲突影响的环境中使用的初级医疗保健提供模式.
- 确定在向流离失所人口提供初级医疗保健方面的常见做法,挑战和差距.
- 了解不同组织如何在这些复杂的环境中选择和实施医疗保健模型.
主要方法:
- 按照系统审查和元分析指南的首选报告项目进行了系统审查.
- 从1992年1月到2020年12月的出版物中搜索了六个数据库,重点是非洲冲突环境中的初级医疗保健模型.
- 数据分析涉及描述和主题方法,使用表格,图表和文本摘要.
主要成果:
- 对48篇高质量的研究文章的分析揭示了各种各样的初级医疗保健模式:医疗机构为基础的,社区为基础的,移动诊所,外展和家庭访问.
- 国内流离失所者和难民得到了许多国家和国际组织的照顾,提供营养,心理健康和性/生殖健康等服务.
- 使用垂直 (独立) 和综合服务提供模式,社区卫生工作者经常提供服务.
结论:
- 了解不同的初级医疗保健提供模式对于识别冲突地区的有效实践和服务提供差距至关重要.
- 基于社区的初级保健,特别是利用社区卫生工作者,是一个具有成本效益的战略.
- 将任务转移给社区卫生工作者可以优化现有人员的使用,并改善资源有限,受冲突影响的环境中获得医疗保健的机会.
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