maT和蚊子转体在类动物:进化史和内部特异性差异
Mikhail V Puzakov1, Lyudmila V Puzakova2, Shasha Shi3
1A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky Eve., 38, Moscow, Russia, 119991. puzakov@ngs.ru.
Functional & integrative genomics
|July 16, 2023
概括
Tc1/mariner转位子,特别是maT家族,在有限的鱼物种中发现. 它们的多样性和分布表明了多个独立的入侵事件,影响了真核生物基因组的进化.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子进化分子进化
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
背景情况:
- 可转移元素 (TE) 显著影响真核生物的基因组大小和结构.
- Tc1/mariner超级家族的DNA转子是广泛和多样化的,有几个研究不足的家族.
- 了解TE的流行和多样性有助于破译TE宿主共同进化.
研究的目的:
- 分析Cnidaria中TC1/水手转体的maT/DD37D家族的流行率和多样性.
- 研究类动物系内的maT转位子的进化动态和分布模式.
- 为了比较单个生物体内的不同TE家族的移动组模式.
主要方法:
- 分析了77个鸟类基因组组合.
- 对maT/DD37D家族转位子的生物信息识别和分类.
- 对已识别的转位子序列的遗传学分析.
- 对特定物种中TE分布的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在有限数量的Cubozoa,Hydrozoa和Scyphozoa物种中检测到maT转位子.
- 确定了五种不同的maT转体的分类,包括Pelagiidae的一种新型分类.
- 在水藻中发现了潜在的功能性maT转位子副本.
- 蚊子/DD37E家族仅在水类动物中发现.
- 在Hydra viridissima中观察到maT和蚊子转子子患病率的显著差异.
结论:
- 分布和遗传学模式表明,maT转位子的多个独立入侵事件进入了类动物的基因组.
- 克尼达的maT转位子代表了古老和多样化的进化事件的后裔.
- 个体有机体可以表现出独特的移动组合,突出了特定物种的TE动态.
- 这项研究增强了对Tc1/mariner转子体多样性和真核细胞进化的理解.
相关概念视频
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.8K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.8K
Transposons
64
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
64
DNA-only Transposons
14.6K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.6K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.6K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.6K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.6K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.6K
Diversity of Protists I
38
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
38


