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相关概念视频

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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染色体结构和上下文依赖的序列特征控制主要编辑效率.

Somang Kim1,2, Jimmy B Yuan1,2, Wendy S Woods3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.

Frontiers in genetics
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

统计模型确定了优化主要编辑 (PE) 效率的关键特征. 了解DNA结构和主要编辑指南RNA (pegRNA) 中的特定核酸序列可以显著改善基因组编辑结果.

关键词:
克里斯普尔卡斯9这是一种DNA-RNA杂交.异性染色是一种异性染色.机器学习是机器学习.神经网络解释的神经网络解释核酶体定位定位是如何进行的核酸偏好 核酸偏好主编辑主要编辑.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 主编辑 (PE) 是一种多功能CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑技术.
  • 当前的PE结构具有可变的效率,需要进行实验优化.

研究的目的:

  • 开发统计模型以确定影响PE效率的因素.
  • 为设计更有效的PE系统提供指导方针.

主要方法:

  • 统计建模用于分析目标站点的表观基因组和序列特征.
  • 染色体结构 (异染色体,核细胞) 对编辑的研究影响.
  • 分析了主要编辑指导RNA (pegRNA) 的序列组成 (G/C核酸,PAM,模板区域).

主要成果:

  • 构成性的异染色体和核细胞封闭阻碍了PE的效率.
  • 特定的G/C核酸位在pegRNA的原始结合部位 (PBS) 和逆转录 (RT) 模板中增强了编辑.
  • 识别了AGG作为首选的原始空间体相邻动图 (PAM) 和PAM下游的四个基,以方便编辑.
  • 通过神经网络分析,在pegRNA中发现了多核酸偏好和基依赖.

结论:

  • 表观基因组背景和pegRNA序列特征极大地影响PE效率.
  • 通过考虑已识别的序列和结构决定因素,可以实现优化PE设计.
  • 这项研究澄清了先前的发现,并提供了一个预测框架,以提高主要编辑结果.