生态指标揭示了黑海生态系统的历史政权转变
1Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Mersin, Türkiye.
PeerJ
|July 17, 2023
概括
由于过度捕捞,污染和入侵物种,1960-1999年,黑海生态系统经历了四次重大变化. 对污染和渔业的协调管理对于防止未来的生态系统剧烈变化至关重要.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 生态系统动力学 生态系统动力学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 黑海是一个高度乱的海洋生态系统,受到入侵物种,过度捕捞,污染和气候变化的影响.
- 自20世纪60年代以来,生态系统发生了重大变化,特别是1989年的转变涉及鱼和侵入性蜂 (Mnemiopsis leidyi).
- 缺乏对黑海生态系统多十年变化的综合性,基于生态系统的分析.
研究的目的:
- 填补了解黑海生态系统多十年变化的差距.
- 用整体方法分析生态系统和生态转型.
- 确定生态系统重组的关键驱动因素和时间.
主要方法:
- 为黑海 (1960-1999年) 开发和验证动态食物网模型.
- 生态网络分析用于计算合成生态指标的时间序列.
- 对生态指标时间序列的制度转换分析.
主要成果:
- 该模型成功地复制了在黑海观察到的政权转变.
- 在1960年至1999年期间,发现了四次明显的政权转变.
- 驱动因素包括过度捕捞 (1960年代),优化和死胡同的热带生物 (1970年代) 以及水母 (1980年代) 的竞争加剧.
结论:
- 人类活动,包括过度捕捞和环保养殖,已经从根本上改变了黑海的食物网结构和功能.
- 这些变化导致了生态系统的重组,其特点是物种的引入和移除以及化.
- 综合,跨国污染和渔业管理对于防止未来的剧烈生态系统波动和恢复生态系统健康至关重要.
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