区域性脂肪,认知功能和与痴呆相关的大脑变化之间的关联:系统性审查
Ethel Boccara1,2, Sapir Golan2,3, Michal Schnaider Beeri2,4
1Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Frontiers in medicine
|July 17, 2023
概括
区域脂肪分布,而不仅仅是整体脂肪,影响认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病风险. 了解像内脏脂肪组织这样的特定脂肪储存提供了对大脑健康和潜在的向治疗的洞察力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 代谢健康 代谢健康
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 肥胖与认知障碍和阿尔茨海默氏症以及相关疾病 (ADRD) 有关.
- 身体质量指数 (BMI) 提供了全球脂肪的衡量标准,但未能捕捉到区域脂肪分布的差异.
- 区域脂肪分布因性别,种族和年龄而异,可能会以不同的方式影响认知衰退和ADRD.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查关于区域性脂肪和其与认知功能,痴呆症和大脑变化相关的文献.
- 探索区域脂肪储存是否比一般脂肪或中心肥胖更重要,以了解脂肪和大脑健康之间的联系.
- 确定可能与认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病风险增加相关的特定区域脂肪库.
主要方法:
- 对33项涉及人类成年人 (18岁以上) 的英语研究进行了系统审查.
- 纳入标准侧重于通过成像技术评估区域性脂肪的研究,认知功能,痴呆和大脑测量.
- 不包括评论文章,摘要,信件,儿科研究,动物研究和关于胃肠道疾病的研究. 在PubMed,PsychInfo和Web of Science进行文献搜索,直到2022年11月.
主要成果:
- 研究结果表明,不同区域的脂肪储存与认知障碍,大脑变化和痴呆症,特别是阿尔茨海默病的风险增加有关.
- 不同地区的脂肪储存显示出不同的认知结果和对大脑的独特影响.
- 内脏脂肪组织 (VAT) 和肝脂肪 (通过非酒精性脂肪性肝病,NAFLD) 是最常被研究的区域脂肪储存;胰腺脂肪是研究最少的.
结论:
- 区域性脂肪,作为一个可修改的因素,可能会澄清全球脂肪,大脑结构/功能和认知之间的关系的不一致性.
- 特定区域的脂肪储存可以触发异常的脂肪因子分泌,可能穿越血脑屏障,导致神经退行和认知衰退.
- 针对特定的脂肪储存可以为个性化干预措施铺平道路,以改善认知健康.
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