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相关概念视频

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

52.4K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.7K
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

17.1K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.1K
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

60
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

17.8K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
17.8K
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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克里斯普尔比较工具包:快速识别,可视化和分析克里斯普尔数组多样性.

Alan J Collins1, Rachel J Whitaker1,2

  • 1Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

The CRISPR journal
|July 17, 2023
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概括

我们开发了CRISPR比较工具包 (CCTK) 来自动化CRISPR间隔器的分析以确定微生物菌株的类型. 这个工具重建了菌株历史,推断了进化关系,有助于微生物基因组学研究.

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科学领域:

  • 微生物基因组学 微生物基因组学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 通过特定序列的间距向,CRISPR-Cas系统赋予微生物对移动遗传元素 (MGE) 的免疫力.
  • 克里斯普尔隔离器在微生物菌株之间具有很高的变异性,因此它们适合用于高分辨率的菌株类型化.
  • 目前还缺乏使用CRISPR间隔器数据重建微生物菌株历史的自动化工具.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一个用于分析CRISPR数组关系的自动化工具包.
  • 为了使微生物菌株历史和进化途径的重建使用CRISPR间距数据.
  • 为CRISPR阵列分析提供一个统一的平台,包括遗传学推断.

主要方法:

  • 开发CRISPR比较工具包 (CCTK),一个命令行应用程序.
  • 整合用于识别CRISPR数组,比较数组关系 (CRISPRdiff) 和推断家族遗传树 (CRISPRtree) 的工具.
  • 实施一种新的工具,用于预测MGE内部的距离目标.

主要成果:

  • CCTK成功地识别了CRISPR数组并分析了它们的关系,可视化了与CRISPRdiff.diff.的相似之处.
  • 克里斯普树从数组关系中推断出家族遗传树,提供了关于进化史的假设.
  • 该工具包统一了多个CRISPR分析功能,包括从数组数据中推断族系的第一个方法.

结论:

  • 克里斯普尔比较工具包 (CCTK) 为分析克里斯普尔间隔器演变提供了必要的自动化工具.
  • CCTK促进了微生物菌株的类型和演化史的重建.
  • 这一工具包代表了应用CRISPR-Cas系统用于微生物种群遗传学研究的重大进步.