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相关概念视频

Sample Size Calculation01:19

Sample Size Calculation

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Knowledge of the sample size is the first requirement to conduct random sampling or an experiment. The sample size is the total number of units, observations, or groups (in some cases) used to get the data to estimate a population parameter. As the name suggests, the sample size is that of the sample drawn from the population and differs from the population size.
The sample size for the given experiment or sampling effort is fundamental to any study design. Sample size decides the number of...
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Study Design in Statistics01:15

Study Design in Statistics

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A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research problem. Statistics is commonly for effective study design and more robust experiments,
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
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Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

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Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
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Odds Ratio01:09

Odds Ratio

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The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
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McNemar's Test01:23

McNemar's Test

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McNemar's Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference in proportions between two related groups when the outcome is binary (e.g., yes/no, success/failure). It is beneficial when we have paired data, such as pre-test/post-test designs, where the same subjects are measured under two different conditions. The test is named after the statistician Quinn McNemar, who introduced it in 1947. It is commonly used in situations where subjects are...
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智能二进制:用于使用二进制结果测量的智能研究的新样本大小规划资源.

John J Dziak1, Daniel Almirall2, Walter Dempsey2

  • 1Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago.

Multivariate behavioral research
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概括

具有二进制结果的顺序多重分配随机试验 (SMART) 可以通过重复测量来提高统计能力. 这项研究为这些重要的行为健康研究中的样本大小规划提供了新的方法.

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科学领域:

  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 行为健康研究 行为健康研究
  • 临床试验 临床试验

背景情况:

  • 顺序多重分配随机试验 (SMART) 对于根据心理和行为健康的个体需求量身定制干预措施至关重要.
  • 现有的SMART样本大小规划存在局限性,特别是对于二进制结果,通常需要更大的样本大小.
  • 目前对二进制结果SMART的方法不考虑基线或重复结果测量的功率增长.

研究的目的:

  • 为解决二进制结果的SMARTs样本大小规划中的差距.
  • 为两波重复测量提供模拟程序和公式二进制结果.
  • 探索两个以上的结果测量场合的SMART的功率计算.

主要方法:

  • 在两波重复测量SMART中开发了样本大小规划的模拟程序,具有二进制结果.
  • 在这些设计中推导出样本大小估计的近似公式.
  • 利用模拟来评估多次结果测量场合的研究的功率.

主要成果:

  • 模拟结果表明与衍生公式的良好一致.
  • 该研究证实,在特定条件下,至少包括一个重复结果测量可以显著提高统计能力.
  • 在SMART中提供了计算功率的方法,结果测量次数不尽相同.

结论:

  • 重复的结果测量提供了一种有价值的策略,以改善二进制结果的顺序多重分配随机试验的统计能力.
  • 提供的模拟程序和公式为研究人员计划在心理和行为健康领域进行SMART研究提供了实用工具.
  • 这些进步促进了针对个性化干预策略的更有效,更强大的研究设计.