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相关概念视频

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

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During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance.
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Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

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The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx  and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
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Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

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Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
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波面衍生的折射和自折射之间的比较.

Konuralp Yakar1, Emrah Kan1, Mustafa Duran2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Medicana International Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
概括

来自Nidek OPD-Scan II和Topcon KR 8900自折光度计的折射和角质量测量是不可互换的. 这些差异甚至在健康成年人中循环之后也存在,影响了临床决策.

科学领域:

  • 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
  • 视光学测量 视光学测量 视光学测量
  • 生物医学工程 生物医学工程

背景情况:

  • 客观的折射误差和角质量测量对于眼睛护理至关重要.
  • 准确的测量对于折射手术规划至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较Nidek OPD-Scan II和Topcon KR 8900之间的客观折射误差和角质测量测量.
  • 评估这些设备在健康成年人的可互换性.

主要方法:

  • 176名接受折射手术评估的患者 (18-35岁) 进行了测量.
  • 尼德克OPD-Scan II和Topcon KR 8900在循环之前和之后使用.
  • 排除标准包括之前的眼科手术和角膜病理.

主要成果:

  • 在折射和角质测量值的设备之间发现了统计学上显著的差异 (p<0.05).
  • 布兰德-阿尔特曼分析显示了球体,球体等效和角质测量读数的平均差异.
  • 这些差异在循环之前和之后都被观察到.

结论:

  • 尼德克OPD-Scan II和Topcon KR 8900提供了不可互换的结果.
关键词:
自动折射是一种自动折射.循环损伤症 (Cycloplegia) 是一种循环损伤症.眼睛的折射力 眼睛的折射力地形学地形学地形学地形学波浪正面偏移的偏移

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  • 基于这些设备的测量结果的临床决定需要仔细考虑.
  • 设备的选择可能会影响折射手术的结果.