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相关概念视频

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Problem-Solving01:29

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Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Critical Thinking II01:25

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Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

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个人差异和多步思考

Jonathan Baron1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA jonathanbaron7@gmail.com.

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PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

了解思考过程中的决策是关键. 人们可能过早地信任他们的直觉或偏爱的想法,导致在复杂的思维过程中迅速,不合理的信心.

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学

背景情况:

  • 审议性思维涉及连续的步骤与关键的切换决策.
  • 对正在进行的思维过程的信心影响了这些决定.

研究的目的:

  • 探讨信心水平如何影响交换决策在深思熟虑的思维.
  • 调查个人对信任容忍度的差异及其对决策的影响.

主要方法:

  • 在多步思考任务中分析认知过程.
  • 检查影响信任判断的因素及其与决策结果的关系.

主要成果:

  • 对先前思考的信心显著影响后续的转换决策.
  • 个人对低信心的容忍度各不相同,这会影响决策的时间.
  • 过早的高信心可能来自于依赖直觉或支持结论.

结论:

  • 信任监测对于理解理性决策至关重要.
  • 自信处理中的个人差异有助于认知偏见.
  • 进一步的研究应该探索改善思维信心校准的干预措施.