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相关概念视频

Data Validation01:03

Data Validation

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Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
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Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Distributed Loads: Problem Solving01:21

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving

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Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
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Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test01:00

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When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...
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Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear01:23

Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear

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Understanding the relationship between the distributed load and shear force in structural analysis is crucial for analyzing beams subjected to various loading conditions. Consider the case of a beam experiencing a distributed load, two concentrated loads, and a couple moment.
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Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

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Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
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在分布式数据网络中的外部有效性

Michael Webster-Clark1,2, Sengwee Toh3, Jonathan Arnold4

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

分布式网络中的外部有效性是复杂的,没有一种方法适合所有. 哨兵,CNODES和PCORnet展示了各种策略,以确保研究结果适用于不同人群和环境.

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科学领域:

  • 药学流行病学 药学流行病学
  • 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
  • 数据科学数据科学数据科学

背景情况:

  • 分布式网络越来越多地用于观察性研究,但外部有效性仍未得到充分研究.
  • 内部有效性往往是优先考虑的,使得分布式网络中的外部有效性挑战得到了较少的探索.

研究的目的:

  • 定义与外部有效性相关的关键术语 (通用性,可传输性).
  • 检查像Sentinel,CNODES和PCORnet这样的分布式网络如何处理外部有效性.
  • 在这些网络中确定对外部有效性的多种方法.

主要方法:

  • 定义了核心概念:外部有效性,目标人群,目标有效性,可概括性,可运输性.
  • 描述了Sentinel,CNODES和PCORnet对外部有效性的方法.
  • 包括案例研究来说明网络特定的策略.

主要成果:

  • 哨兵专注于美国人口的代表性,解决某些群体的潜在排斥.
  • 为了进行元分析,CNODES必须考虑数据在美国,加拿大和英国人口之间可传输.
  • 对于实用试验和研究特定的队列,PCORnet采用个案对个案的外部有效性评估.

结论:

  • 没有一种通用方法来解决分布式网络中的外部有效性.
  • 为分布式网络环境调整现有的外部有效性工具至关重要.
  • 药物流行病学中的比较有效性研究需要针对外部有效性的定制方法.