在肺癌诊断中的时间距离视觉变压器从纵向计算机断层扫描中诊断出肺癌
Thomas Z Li1,2, Kaiwen Xu3, Riqiang Gao3
1Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235.
概括
这项研究引入了一种新的时间距离视觉变压器 (ViT),用于分析纵向医疗图像. 新模型有效地捕捉了肺结节的时间变化,改善了从不规则取样扫描中对良性病变与恶性病变的歧视.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医学成像分析 医学成像分析
- 计算机视觉 计算机视觉
背景情况:
- 纵向医学成像对于检测随时间变化的病变至关重要,但稀疏和不规则的数据采集带来了重大挑战.
- 目前的方法很难有效地利用不规则采样的医学扫描中的时间信息.
- 自我注意力机制在时间序列和图像分析方面表现有前途,但在稀疏的医学成像中,暂时距离尚未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种基于自我注意的新型框架,用于对纵向医学图像进行分类,特别是解决不规则时间采样的挑战.
- 介绍一个时间距离视觉变压器 (ViT) 的两种解释,以增强时间特征提取.
- 评估拟议方法在辨别良性肺结节和恶性肺结节方面的性能.
主要方法:
- 提出了两种时间距离视觉转换器 (ViT) 方法:一种使用连续时间的矢量嵌入,另一种使用时间强调模型来调整自我注意力权重.
- 评估了合成肺结节和现实肺部查计算机断层扫描 (CT) 数据的算法,这些数据来自国家肺部查试验 (NLST).
- 与标准ViT和良性与恶性分类的横截面方法进行了性能比较.
主要成果:
- 与合成数据上的标准ViT相比,时间距离ViT在分类不规则采样的纵向图像方面取得了根本性的改进.
- 在NLST查胸部CT上,拟议的方法实现了曲线下的面积 (AUC) 分数为0.785和0.786,明显优于横截面方法 (0.734AUC).
- 新方法的性能与肺癌分类的领先纵向医学成像算法 (0.779AUC) 的性能相匹配.
结论:
- 这项工作介绍了第一个基于自我注意的框架,专门设计用于分类具有不规则时间间隔的纵向医学图像.
- 拟议的时间距离ViT有效地捕捉了时间动态,在分析疾病检测的纵向医学数据方面取得了重大进展.
- 开发的方法显示了在肺癌查中改善良性与恶性分类的准确性的巨大潜力.
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