估计与酒精有关的伤害死亡:流行病学方法的比较
Timothy S Naimi1, Adam Sherk1, Marissa B Esser2
1Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|July 19, 2023
概括
估计可归因于酒精的伤害死亡是具有挑战性的. 直接血中酒精度 (BAC) 方法和调整的人口归因分数 (PAF) 方法在伤害死亡方面产生了可比的结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 酒精消费经常与伤害有关,但量化酒精造成的伤害的确切比例是复杂的.
- 目前用于确定酒精在伤害中的因果作用的方法缺乏直接比较,这阻碍了对它们的优势和可比性的理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较2015-2019年间美国平均每年因酒精造成的伤害死亡人数的估计值.
- 评估直接血中酒精度 (BAC) 方法与受伤死亡人数的可归因部分 (PAF) 方法之间的可比性.
主要方法:
- 这项研究采用了直接方法,该方法基于高BAC (≥0.10%) 的死者比例.
- 采用了PAF方法,将未经调整的调查数据与酒精销售调整的消费数据进行比较,以解释酒精使用和暴饮暴饮的报告不足.
- 数据来源包括行为风险因素监测系统和国家生命统计系统.
主要成果:
- 直接BAC方法估计每年有48,516人因酒精造成的伤害死亡,与PAF方法估计的每年47,879人死亡的估计非常接近,当调整为酒精销售时.
- 这两种方法对特定类别的伤害产生了相似的估计,包括机动车辆事故和非机动车辆意外伤害.
- 在使用调整后的数据 (64.8%) 与未调整的调查数据 (38.3%) 相比,PAF方法显示,可归因死亡人数显著增加.
结论:
- 从直接的BAC方法和PAF方法中得出的酒精损伤死亡的估计,当使用酒精销售数据进行调整时,是可比的.
- 调整酒精消费报告不足对于在伤亡评估中准确估计PAF至关重要.
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