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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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表面功能组影响铁 (水) 氧化物异质核化:对膜缩放的影响.

Ping-I Chou1, Deoukchen Ghim1, Prashant Gupta2

  • 1Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.

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疏水性 (F) 表面比疏水性 (OH) 或 (COOH) 表面更能降低膜上的铁 (水) 氧化物核化. 这项研究量化了核化速率和能量障碍,以改善膜缩放预测.

关键词:
核化的能量屏障.不同质的核形成.水友性是一种水友性.疏水性是指对水的疏水性.铁 (氧化水) 氧化物膜的化学功能.膜缩放的扩展作用

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 表面化学 表面化学
  • 膜技术 膜技术 膜技术

背景情况:

  • 矿物质尺度的异质核化,如铁 (水) 氧化物,在膜上开始早期的缩放.
  • 纳米铁 (水) 氧化物形成及其与膜表面功能组的相互作用很难实时观察.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究铁 (水) 氧化物在常见的膜表面功能组:基 (OH),基 (COOH) 和 (F) 上的异质核化.
  • 了解表面疏水性和功能群密度对核化动力学和热力学的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用现场牧场发生率小角度X射线散射 (GISAXS) 进行实时分析.
  • 使用 ex situ 原子力显微镜 (AFM) 进行表面表征.
  • 在F,COOH和OH修饰的表面上检查核化.

主要成果:

  • 与水友性OH和COOH表面相比,疏水性F表面显著减少了异质和均质的铁 (水) 氧化物核化.
  • 在OH表面 (0.76nmol/cm2) 上,功能组密度较高,导致异质核形成的速度比COOH表面 (0.28±0.04nmol/cm2) 更快.
  • F表面表现出最高的异质核化能障碍 (26 ± 0.6 kJ/mol),其次是COOH- (23 ± 0.8 kJ/mol) 和OH- (20 ± 0.9 kJ/mol) 表面.

结论:

  • 表面的疏水性是控制膜上铁 (氧化水) 核化的关键因素.
  • 功能组密度会影响核化速率,更高的密度会促进更快的核化.
  • 动力和热力学数据为预测和减轻膜缩放提供了洞察力.