不仅仅是刺状形态:刺仙人掌 (Opuntieae) 的塑体变异
Matias Köhler1,2, Marcelo Reginato2, Jian-Jun Jin3
1Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Annals of botany
|July 19, 2023
概括
仙人掌塑基因组 (质体) 在大小,结构和基因含量方面表现出惊人的变化,这挑战了它们保存的声誉. 刺仙人掌 (Opuntieae) 的这种动态进化影响了物种识别和遗传学分析.
科学领域:
- 植物基因组学 植物基因组学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 人类遗传学 是一个学科.
背景情况:
- 塑性基因组 (塑体) 通常保留在陆地植物中.
- 仙人掌表现出不寻常的塑体变异,包括基因丢失和改变的反转重复 (IR) 区域.
- 之前的研究仅分析了仙人掌多样性的很小一部分.
研究的目的:
- 在多样化的Opuntieae部落 (刺仙桃仙人掌) 中研究塑体特征.
- 分析这个群体内的塑体结构和内容的进化动态.
- 使用塑体数据为Opuntieae提供一个全面的遗传学框架.
主要方法:
- 43个Opuntieae物种的塑体体的新组装.
- 综合的家族遗传学比较分析.
- 使用整体塑体和仅基因数据集的族系学分析.
- 一致性分析,以评估遗传学信号.
主要成果:
- 质体长度从121到162kbp不等.
- 在IR区域大小和内容上存在显著差异,包括某些系的IR损失.
- 根据IR存在和基因含量确定了九种不同的塑体类型.
- 质体数据解决了主要的Opuntieae类,但揭示了有争议的节点.
- 植物遗传分辨率在塑体区域之间有所不同,很少有标记物支持最可能的拓.
结论:
- 仙人掌塑体的进化是动态的,在Opuntieae.e.内,大小,结构和内容有显著的变化.
- 质体变异可以在主要的仙人掌群中对物种识别至关重要.
- 需要进一步研究整合核基因组数据,以解决反抗性的基因组节点并了解适应.
相关概念视频
Asexual Reproduction
31.7K
Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.
31.7K
C4 Pathway and CAM
45.7K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
45.7K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
12.6K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
12.6K
Plasmodesmata
32.8K
The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
32.8K
Diversity of Protists II
49
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
49
The Apoplast and Symplast
50.7K
Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
50.7K


