在上学儿童的双耳和工作记忆能力的年龄差异
Aisha Syeda1, Kavassery Venkateswaran Nisha1, Chandni Jain1
1All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570006, India.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology
|July 19, 2023
概括
儿童的听觉发育表明,在9岁时,口腔间水平差异 (ILD) 和前进的数字跨度成熟. 然而,对于听觉注意力至关重要的后置数字间距,在青春期晚些时候才成熟.
科学领域:
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语音和听力科学 语言和听力科学
背景情况:
- 双耳听力依赖于声学线索 (音声间时间/水平差异,光谱线索) 和工作记忆和注意力等认知功能.
- 了解这些听觉和认知过程的发展轨迹对于识别潜在的发展延迟或学习困难至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查发育年龄对学龄儿童听觉双耳分辨率和工作记忆的影响.
- 探索不同年龄段的双声分辨率和工作记忆能力之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 57名6至15岁的儿童被按年龄分组 (7,10,14岁) 并与年轻成年人 (21岁) 相比.
- 参与者接受了双耳分辨率测试 (间隔时间差异 (ITD) 和间隔水平差异 (ILD) 值).
- 听觉工作记忆被评估使用前向和后向数字跨度和2n后向数字测试.
主要成果:
- 在空间分辨率和工作记忆方面都观察到与年龄相关的显著改善,年幼的孩子表现比年长的孩子和成年人差.
- 从最年轻的群体 (7岁) 到老年群体,前进数字跨度和ILD任务的表现显著改善.
- 较年长的青少年和成年人在ITD,后置数字跨度和2n-back任务方面表现出优异的表现,与较年轻的儿童相比.
结论:
- 年龄之间的水平差异 (ILD) 门和前进的数字跨度能力大约在9岁时成熟.
- 反向的数字间隔,反映了听觉注意力,在15岁以后继续发展,表明长期的成熟期.
- 这些发现表明,听觉注意力是工作记忆的一个组成部分,影响双耳分辨率,并在整个青春期成熟.
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