5岁以下印度儿童服用乙型肝炎分娩剂量的及时性:基于人口的研究
Sumit Kumar Das1, Junaid Khan2
1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Vaccine
|July 19, 2023
概括
在2015-2021年期间,印度的乙型肝炎出生剂量从34%提高到51.9%在24小时内. 延迟与母亲教育,家庭经济状况和地区有关,突出显示了针对性疫苗接种干预的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎仍然是一个重要的全球健康问题,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 乙型肝炎疫苗的出生剂量对于预防围产期传播和长期并发症至关重要.
- 及时服用乙型肝炎出生剂量对于其最大有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估印度儿童的B型肝炎分娩剂量管理的及时性.
- 为了确定与延迟接收乙型肝炎出生剂量相关的风险因素.
- 为了评估随着时间的推移,B型肝炎出生剂量摄入的趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用国家家庭健康调查 (NFHS) 第4轮和第5轮 (2015-2021) 的数据.
- 分析了疫苗接种卡数据,以确定乙型肝炎的出生剂量摄入量和时间.
- 使用多项逻辑回归和负二项回归来识别风险因素并预测及时接种疫苗.
主要成果:
- 在24小时内服用乙型肝炎出生剂量的比例从2015-16年的34%增加到2019-21年的51.91%.
- 拉达克 (85.03%),查和克什米尔 (78%) 和阿鲁纳查尔邦 (68%) 在2019-21年显示了最高的及时采用率.
- 母亲教育,家庭经济状况和地区是延迟乙型肝炎出生剂量管理的重要预测因素.
结论:
- 在及时的乙型肝炎出生剂量摄入中观察到显著的改善,但覆盖率仍然不够理想.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施来解决差异,并进一步加强及时接种疫苗.
- 战略应侧重于加强医疗保健系统,提高家长意识,并应对后勤挑战.
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