时间如何变得空间:决定心理时间线的稳定性和不稳定性的因素
Gabriele Scozia1,2, Mario Pinto3, Michele Pellegrino3
1Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy. gabriele.scozia@uniroma1.it.
Attention, perception & psychophysics
|July 19, 2023
概括
时间的心理表现依赖于空间编码,只有当时间和空间线索在任务中被积极使用时,才会出现可靠的时空关联. 这突出了稳定的时间感知条件.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人与计算机的交互
背景情况:
- 左向右的读者经常将过去的事件与左侧的反应联系起来,未来的事件与右侧的反应联系起来.
- 这表明在时间的心理表现中存在着固有的左向右空间组织.
- 这种时间空间表示的可靠性和意义可能取决于特定任务的需求.
研究的目的:
- 调查时间的空间表示变得有意义和可靠的条件.
- 确定是否需要共同使用时间和空间代码来实现强大的时空关联.
- 探索任务结构对时间和空间信息整合的影响.
主要方法:
- 员工使用单手动的Go/No-Go隐含关联测试 (IATs) 来评估对时间和空间概念的选择性注意力.
- 使用第二个IAT,同时关注时间词和空间箭头目标.
- 实施了一个STEARC (响应代码的空间时间协会) 任务,以检查与时间概念相关的按按.
- 进行了两项控制实验,操纵了跨维度的注意力焦点和响应速度.
主要成果:
- 仅仅对时间或空间概念的选择性关注并不能可靠地激活另一个维度.
- 在IAT中同时关注时间词和空间目标,导致对一致的时空组合的反应更快.
- 在STEARC任务中,当空间代码指导响应选择时,时空一致性效应显著增加.
- 对照实验显示,当参与者注意超级代码或当响应维度有不平等的权重时,部分或不可靠的效应.
结论:
- 时间的空间表示不是自动的,而是取决于时间和空间代码的联合和综合使用.
- 需要同时处理和根据时间和空间选择响应的任务需求增强了时空一致性.
- 这些发现定义了建立时间相关概念的稳定和可靠的心理表现的关键条件.
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