过敏的初级预防 - - 这是可行的吗?
Pauline Poh-Lin Chan Ng1,2, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham1,2,3, Bee-Wah Lee4
1Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
早期引入过敏性食物,如蛋和花生,大约6个月是预防食物过敏的关键. 这种饮食转变,与其他不断发展的策略一起,旨在打击儿童不断上升的过敏流行病.
科学领域:
- 环境影响和现代生活方式与过敏流行病有关.
- 微生物和上皮屏障假设指导过敏预防研究.
背景情况:
- 城市化和现代生活方式与过敏症的增加有关.
- 一些假设,包括卫生,微生物群和上皮屏障理论,解释过敏的发展.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前预防过敏的策略.
- 为了突出转向早期引入过敏原食品的范式转变.
- 讨论其他具有不同证据水平的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 对有关过敏预防现有假设和临床研究的审查.
- 针对"第一千天"窗口的干预策略分析.
- 对各种预防措施的证据评估.
主要成果:
- 6个月左右早期引入蛋和花生是一种全球采用的食物过敏预防策略.
- 其他策略,如孕产妇的饮食,维生素D,明智的抗生素使用和软化疗法,证据不那么强大.
- 从避免过敏原过渡到早期引入,代表了过敏预防的重大变化.
结论:
- 早期引入过敏性食物是预防食物过敏的主要基于证据的策略.
- 将研究转化为公共卫生实践需要持续的努力和长期研究.
- 需要进一步的研究来证实各种过敏预防策略的有效性和可行性.
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