说服力技术和计算操纵:超级推动精神自决的精神自决
1Law Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence
|July 20, 2023
概括
人工智能 (AI) 可以通过说服性技术和黑暗模式操纵用户,破坏决策. 这篇论文倡导一种新的基本权利,即精神自决权,以保护自己免受人工智能的侵害.
科学领域:
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 法律 法律 法律 法律
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 系统可以获取用户数据,识别隐藏的连接,并为说服目的对个人进行分析,从而导致说服技术 (PT).
- 通过操纵和"hypernudge"等"黑暗模式",PT可以在没有用户意识的情况下影响直观决策 (系统1),对自主权和基本权利构成风险.
- 现有的法律框架努力解决计算机操纵对个人自主权和隐私和思想自由等权利构成的具体威胁.
研究的目的:
- 分析人工智能驱动的计算操纵所涉及的具体基本权利.
- 要区分现有的权利 (例如,让人独处的权利,思想自由) 和人工智能造成的独特认知干扰.
- 建议承认一个新的基本权利,以保护人工智能的操纵能力.
主要方法:
- 在数据采集,分析和说服方面对AI能力的概念分析.
- 检查"黑暗模式"和"hypernudges"作为计算操纵的机制.
- 在AI的背景下对现有的基本权利进行比较法律和伦理分析.
- 为建立一个针对人工智能诱导的认知干扰而定制的新基本权利的论证.
主要成果:
- 人工智能驱动的PT可以利用认知偏见,并通过复杂的操纵破坏自主决策.
- 目前的基本权利不足以充分保护个人免受计算操纵的特殊性质.
- 人工智能"超推"的能力对认知自由和自决构成前所未有的威胁.
结论:
- 一个新的基本权利,即"精神自决权",是解决人工智能驱动的操纵所带来的独特挑战所必需的.
- 这项权利将保护个人的认知过程和对其决策的控制不受计算干扰.
- 在先进的人工智能时代,承认心理自决对于维护自主权和基本权利至关重要.
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