关于人类物种的远景学信仰的道德后果
Casey Lewry1, Deborah Kelemen2, Tania Lombrozo1
1Department of Psychology, Princeton University.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|July 20, 2023
概括
人们经常相信人类有目的,比如生育. 这种信念可能会导致道德谴责那些不实现这种感知目的的人.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 道德心理学道德心理学
- 科学哲学的哲学科学哲学
背景情况:
- 成年人经常赞同远程学解释,将目的归因于物体和自然现象.
- 远程学推理虽然很常见,但往往在科学上是不合理的.
- 之前的研究还没有广泛探讨关于人类存在及其与道德判断的联系的远景学信仰.
研究的目的:
- 调查成年人是否相信人类的存在有着特定的目的.
- 检查关于人类存在的远景学信仰与道德谴责违反目的之间的关系.
- 了解连接远程学信仰和道德判断的心理机制.
主要方法:
- 在线调查和实验与美国招募的成年人.
- 研究涉及评估关于人类目的和道德谴责个人未能达到这些目的的信念.
- 实验操纵被用来建立目的规定,道德判断和行为所感知的善良之间的因果关系.
主要成果:
- 很大一部分参与者支持关于人类存在 (例如,繁殖) 的神话论主张.
- 关于人类目的的电解学信仰与对违反目的的道德谴责正相关.
- 发现了因果关系:规定一个目的增加了谴责,认为一个行为不道德增加了对物种目的的信念.
- 相信以目的驱动的行动对物种有好处,部分介绍了目的认可和道德谴责之间的联系.
结论:
- 关于人类存在的远见学信仰是普遍存在的,并影响道德判断.
- 一种物种对某种行为目的的感知善良在道德谴责中起作用.
- 关于目的的描述性信念可以塑造规范性的道德判断,强调理解和评估之间的联系.
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