精英和非精英划船员的心理努力
Henrik Herrebrøden1,2, Thomas Espeseth2,3, Laura Bishop1,4
1RITMO Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo,Norway.
Journal of sport & exercise psychology
|July 20, 2023
概括
精英运动员,特别是手,在苛刻的任务中表现出比非精英运动员更高的精神努力. 眼睛跟踪措施,如眼率和瞳孔大小,有效量化了体育运动中的这种认知负载.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类运动 人类运动
背景情况:
- 在精英运动员中测量精神努力是具有挑战性和争论的.
- 以前的研究通常假定精英表演者的认知负载较低.
- 需要在体育运动中对精神努力的客观生理指标.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查和比较精英和非精英划船者之间的精神努力.
- 为了确定眼睛跟踪措施的有效性,以评估在体力苛刻的体育运动中的精神努力.
- 挑战精英运动员认知力度较低的假设.
主要方法:
- 一个准生态实验室研究设计.
- 涉及精英和非精英划船者进行划船试验.
- 使用眼睛追踪 (眼率,瞳孔大小) 和自我报告措施.
主要成果:
- 眼睛跟踪指标 (眼率,瞳孔大小) 是精神努力的有效指标.
- 精英划艇者显示,瞳孔大小的增加明显更大,这表明精神上的努力更高.
- 与非精英相比,精英在心理负载下报告了类似的努力和性能下降.
结论:
- 精英运动员比非精英运动员表现出同等或更高的精神努力.
- 眼睛跟踪提供了一种可行的方法来量化体育运动中的精神努力.
- 这些发现挑战了对精英体育表现认知负载的传统观点.
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