为下一次大流行做好准备:加强监测的挑战
Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu1, Siddharth Sridhar2,3, Kwok-Yung Yuen2,3,4,5
1Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
Emerging microbes & infections
|July 20, 2023
概括
早期发现流行病威胁至关重要. 人与动物接口的监测和基于事件的系统,以及强有力的准备措施,可以帮助识别和减轻新出现的传染病.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 随着COVID-19的爆发,人们越来越需要早期检测潜在的流行病原体.
- 综合的元基因组测序是不切实际的,因为巨大的和动态的微生物世界.
- 驱动流行病的因素包括增加的人与动物的互动,气候变化,病毒突变和旅行.
研究的目的:
- 概述早期检测和为新出现的传染病和潜在的流行病做好准备的战略.
- 确定关键的监控目标和识别新型病毒威胁的方法.
- 强调综合准备措施的重要性.
主要方法:
- 人与动物接口的监控,针对特定的动物种群和高风险人群.
- 使用多重核酸放大和下一代测序查样本.
- 在细胞和有机体培养物中分离新型病毒,然后对动物模型进行传播潜力的测试.
- 利用基于事件的监视和人工智能 (AI) 进行早期疫情检测.
主要成果:
- 确定了导致流行病出现的关键因素,包括环境和社会变化.
- 建议在高风险接口提供有针对性的监控策略.
- 强调了先进的测序和培养技术对于新型病毒发现的有用性.
- 承认人工智能和基于事件的监控系统的潜力和局限性.
结论:
- 积极的监测,特别是在人与动物的接口,对于识别流行病威胁至关重要.
- 结合先进的诊断,基础研究和强大的公共卫生基础设施的多方面方法是必不可少的.
- 疫情防控需要监管监督,储存医疗对策和有效的信息系统.
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