高蛋白和正常蛋白质饮食改善了2型糖尿病成年人的身体组成和葡萄糖控制:一项随机试验
Julianne G Clina1, R Drew Sayer1,2, Zhaoxing Pan3
1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|July 21, 2023
概括
实现显著的减肥,而不是特定的饮食组成,如高蛋白或红肉摄入量,是管理2型糖尿病 (T2D) 的关键. 这两种饮食都同样改善了健康标志物.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 代谢健康 代谢健康
背景情况:
- 体重减轻超过10%显著改善血糖控制,并可能导致2型糖尿病 (T2D) 的缓解.
- 高蛋白质 (HP) 饮食经常用于体重管理,但蛋白质来源,特别是红肉在减肥期间对T2D管理的影响仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较HP饮食与牛肉与没有红肉的正常蛋白 (NP) 饮食对T2D患者减肥,身体组成和血糖控制的影响.
- 调查饮食中的蛋白质含量和红肉消费是否影响T2D患者的减肥结果和心脏代谢健康.
主要方法:
- 一项为期52周的干预,涉及106名患有T2D的成年人.
- 参与者被分配到HP饮食 (40%的蛋白质,包括每周至少4份瘦牛肉) 或NP饮食 (21%的蛋白质,不包括红肉).
- 测量包括身体重量,身体组成和心脏代谢参数 (例如HbA1c,葡萄糖,胰岛素,血压,甘油三) 在干预前后.
主要成果:
- 在HP (-10.2 ± 1.6公斤) 和NP (-12.7 ± 4.8公斤) 组之间没有观察到体重减轻的显著差异.
- 两个饮食组都经历了脂肪质量的减少和无脂肪质量百分比的增加.
- 两组血红蛋白A1c,葡萄糖,胰岛素,胰岛素耐药性,血压和甘油三酸的显著改善都被发现,两组之间没有统计学上显著的差异.
结论:
- 该研究表明,体重减轻的程度,而不是特定的饮食成分 (HP与NP,有或没有红肉),是改善2型糖尿病管理中的心脏代谢健康的主要驱动因素.
- 这些发现表明,专注于实现显著的体重减轻应该是T2D患者饮食干预的核心目标.
相关概念视频
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.5K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.5K
Carbohydrate Metabolism
11.3K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
11.3K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
599
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
599
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
319
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
319
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.8K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
212
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
212


