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To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
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Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
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Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
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An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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概率星座塑造辅助的水下声学通信与向量近似消息传递代等分.

Xisheng Wu1, Dong Li2, Yanbo Wu1

  • 1Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

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PubMed
概括

概率星座塑造 (PCS) 提高了水下声学 (UWA) 通信的光谱效率. 一个基于VAMP的轮均衡器显著改善了符号检测,在深海实验中表现优于传统方法.

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科学领域:

  • 电气工程 电气工程
  • 海洋工程 海洋工程
  • 信号处理 信号处理

背景情况:

  • 水下声学 (UWA) 通信系统在光谱效率和多路干扰方面面临挑战.
  • 传统的UWA收发器通常在复杂的水下环境中难以优化性能.
  • 概率星座塑造 (PCS) 提供了一种提高数据传输效率的潜在方法.

研究的目的:

  • 提出并实验证明PCS辅助的单载波收发器,以提高UWA通信的光谱效率.
  • 为PCS-UWA系统开发一个改进的频域轮均衡器,利用向量近似消息传递 (VAMP).
  • 评估拟议系统的性能与传统的UWA通信方法相比.

主要方法:

  • 在发射器上实施PCS技术,将编码位映射到基于非均的振幅和均的标志位分布的方格幅度调制星座.
  • 在接收器上开发基于VAMP的轮均衡器,通过利用PCS衍生的先验符号概率信息来减轻多路干扰.
  • 在深海环境中进行实验验证,并对浅水进行数值模拟.

主要成果:

  • 与没有PCS的系统相比,PCS辅助的UWA通信系统显示出显著的性能改进.
  • 提出的基于VAMP的轮均衡器的性能优于传统的自适应式轮均衡器,即使数据被重复使用.
  • 通过在VAMP轮均衡器代中利用PCS信息来实现增强的符号检测性能.

结论:

  • 拟议的PCS辅助单载波收发器有效地提高了UWA通信的光谱效率.
  • 基于VAMP的轮均衡器为缓解PCS-UWA系统中的多路干扰提供了卓越的解决方案.
  • 这项工作是对深海PCS-UWA通信系统的首次实验验证,证实了其实际可行性和优势.