基因组学和高收入国家的土著人民的纳入
Kylie Gwynne1, Shirley Jiang2, Robertson Venema2
1Djurali Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education and Research (Formerly Known as Poche Centre for Indigenous Health), Macquarie University, Walanga Muru Building, 6 First Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia.
Human genetics
|July 21, 2023
概括
基因组学研究在历史上排除了土著人民,限制了利益. 有效的基因组研究需要与土著社区的真正合作,而不仅仅是数据收集.
科学领域:
- 基因组医学是基因组医学.
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 土著健康土著健康
背景情况:
- 基因组学研究有利用土著人民的历史,改善参与的努力是回顾性的.
- 来自不同种群的基因组数据聚合,包括共同的祖先群体,增强了基因组的有效性.
- 尽管全球取得了进展,但基因组学对土著人口的实用性仍然不足,因为历史上的排斥和缺乏特定人口的数据.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关高收入国家土著人民参与的基因组学研究的文献.
- 在这个研究领域内确定研究设计和进行的优点和弱点.
- 评估土著社区参与基因组学研究的有效性.
主要方法:
- 关于土著人口的基因组学研究的系统文献综述.
- 分析研究设计和行为,重点关注道德参与实践.
- 评估社区参与基因组研究的有效性.
主要成果:
- 像gnomAD这样的现有基因组数据库缺乏土著群体的特定人口数据.
- 原住民在很大程度上被排除在基因组学研究之外,错过了潜在的健康益处.
- 有效的研究需要转向与土著社区的协作 ("与") 而不是提取 ("对") 参与模式.
结论:
- 基因组学研究必须优先考虑和改善与土著社区的有效参与.
- 解决基因组数据库中缺少土著人口特定数据的问题至关重要.
- 未来的基因组学研究必须以道德和"与"土著人民的合作方式进行,以最大限度地获益并确保公平.
相关概念视频
Genomics
36.5K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
36.5K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes
47.0K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
47.0K
Human Genetics
616
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
616
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
2.5K
2.5K
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
13.6K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
13.6K
What is Population Genetics?
58.2K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
58.2K


