可解释的机器学习算法可以使用自我报告的症状,生命体征和基于血液的标记来区分双相情感障碍和主要抑郁症
Ting Zhu1, Xiaofei Liu2, Junren Wang1
1West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine
|July 22, 2023
概括
机器学习使用电子健康记录准确地区分双相情感障碍 (BD) 与主要抑郁障碍 (MDD). 这种诊断工具有助于减少误诊并通过识别关键预测症状和生物标志物来改善患者的结果.
科学领域:
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 发现生物标志物的发现.
背景情况:
- 双极性障碍 (BD) 和主要抑郁症 (MDD) 具有遗传和症状相似之处,导致错误诊断的高率.
- 错误地将BD诊断为MDD导致治疗效率低于最佳,患者的治疗结果更差.
- 准确的区分对于及时有效的治疗干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证基于机器学习 (ML) 的诊断系统,使用电子医疗记录 (EMR) 数据.
- 为了区分患有BD (特别是抑郁情节) 的患者和入院时患有MDD的患者.
- 通过识别和可视化关键预测特征来提高ML模型的可解释性.
主要方法:
- 利用了2009年至2018年期间被诊断患有MDD或BD的16311名住院患者的数据集.
- 在已建立的子队列上训练并验证了四个ML算法 (逻辑回归,XGBoost,随机森林,SVM).
- 采用可解释的人工智能方法 (SHAP,分解) 进行人口层面和个人层面的特征分析.
主要成果:
- 在区分BD与MDD方面,XGBoost模型获得了最高的性能 (AUC:0.838).
- 关键预测因素包括特定症状 (例如,情绪上升,兴趣丧失),年龄,工作状态以及各种外围生物标志物 (例如,肌酸激酶,葡萄糖,尿酸,炎症标志物).
- 该模型还在区分BD抑郁情节和MDD方面表现出有效性 (AUC:0.777).
结论:
- 开发的ML诊断系统在识别不同临床情景中的BD方面表现出高准确性.
- 这些发现强调了外围标记在理解区分BD和MDD的病理生理学的潜力.
- 这种方法可以显著帮助减少诊断错误,改善情绪障碍的临床决策.
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