相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 22, 2025
09:10
Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
Published on: July 27, 2022
2.2K
声波刺和WNT信号调节肠道上皮细胞和干细胞之间的积极反循环,以促进上皮细胞再生
Emilia J Orzechowska-Licari1, Agnieszka B Bialkowska1, Vincent W Yang2
1Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology
|July 22, 2023
概括
电离辐射通过涉及Sonic hedgehog (SHH) 和WNT信号的途径激活静止的储备肠干细胞 (rISC). 表皮细胞和树皮细胞之间的这种相互作用促进了受伤后的肠道再生.
科学领域:
- 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 辐射生物学 辐射生物学
背景情况:
- 活跃的肠干细胞容易受到辐射损伤.
- 由BMI1标记的静态储备肠干细胞 (rISCs) 被Musashi-1 (MSI1) 激活,以在受伤后再生肠上皮.
- 在辐射后调节rISC激活的精确机制正在研究中.
研究的目的:
- 为了阐明Bmi1-CreER储备肠干细胞 (rISC) 在玛辐射引起的损伤后激活的调节机制.
- 为了研究树皮-上皮相互作用在辐射后肠道再生中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在Bmi1-CreER小鼠中的BMI1 (eYFP+) 细胞的血统追踪使用他莫西芬.
- 暴露于12 Gy马辐射或假治疗.
- 使用免疫光,西部斑,RT-qPCR,ELISA和ChIP-qPCR进行肠道组织分析.
主要成果:
- 照射增加了YYFP+细胞中的Msi1表达,与Axin2 (WNT标记物) 的上调相关,表明Msi1是WNT基因.
- 被辐射的树突细胞增强了Bmi1-CreER衍生有机体再生,并分泌了增加的WNT配体 (Wnt2b,Wnt4,Wnt5a,Rspo3) 和Sonic hedgehog (SHH) 途径效应体Gli1.
- 上皮细胞中的SHH信号刺激了树皮细胞,而SHH抑制减少了再生和Msi1的表达.
结论:
- 电离辐射损伤促使肠道上皮细胞分泌SHH,从而刺激树皮细胞产生WNT连接体.
- 然后,WNT激活器在Bmi1-CreER细胞中诱导Msi1的表达.
- 这种树皮-上皮交叉驱动Bmi1-CreER rISC激活和随后的肠上皮再生.
相关概念视频
01:12Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.1K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.1K
01:22Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
02:33Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
7.4K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
7.4K
01:23Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
2.6K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
2.6K
01:33Whole Body Regeneration
3.4K
Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
3.4K
02:54Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway
8.8K
The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
8.8K