描述性规范导致COVID-19大流行期间口罩佩戴的增加
Samantha L Heiman1, Scott Claessens2, Jessica D Ayers3
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. slheiman@iu.edu.
Scientific reports
|July 22, 2023
概括
在COVID-19流行病等不确定时期,描述性的社会规范 (人们做什么) 强烈影响了像戴口罩这样的合作行为. 命令性规范 (人们应该做什么) 的效果较弱.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 人类的社交性依赖于命令性规范 (规定行为) 和描述性规范 (反映实际行为).
- 随着时间的推移,社会规范对合作行为的出现和因果影响仍然不太清楚.
- COVID-19 流行病为研究影响公共卫生行为的社会规范提供了一个独特的背景.
研究的目的:
- 调查COVID-19大流行期间面具佩戴行为的禁令和描述性规范的出现和因果影响.
- 了解随着时间的推移,社会规范和合作行为之间的动态相互作用.
主要方法:
- 长度研究使用美国2年的数据 (18个时间点;n = 915).
- 追踪口罩佩戴行为和感知禁令和描述性口罩佩戴规范.
- 纵向建模用于评估规范和行为之间的交叉滞后因果关系.
主要成果:
- 戴口罩的行为和感知规范紧密联系在一起,迅速适应公共卫生建议.
- 描述性规范因果预测了在多个数据收集波中面具穿戴的未来增加.
- 描述性规范的因果效应是实质性的,即使在控制非社会信仰和人口统计数据后;禁令性规范的影响较弱.
结论:
- 在不确定时期,通过观察别人正在做什么 (描述性规范) 来更强烈地推动合作行为.
- 描述性规范在塑造合作行为方面发挥着重要的因果作用,特别是在公共卫生环境中.
- 了解社会规范的动态对于促进危机期间的集体行动至关重要.
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