20国集团国家的绿色转型和经济增长:分类能源的证据
Wasi Ul Hassan Shah1, Xuhui Zhang2, Rizwana Yasmeen3
1School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China.
概括
二十国集团国家在绿色转型方面取得了进展,太阳能,风能和生物质能源与收入相关. 然而,非可再生能源消耗仍然遵循N形曲线,表明需要技术创新.
科学领域:
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 能源政策 能源政策
- 可持续发展 可持续发展 可持续发展
背景情况:
- 全球向可再生能源的转变对于经济的可持续性至关重要.
- 20国集团国家面临着双重挑战:经济增长与绿色转型.
- 了解经济发展与能源消耗之间的关系至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过将可再生能源和非可再生能源的趋势与经济增长相比较,分析20国集团 (G20) 的绿色转型.
- 从1997年到2020年,调查收入对各种能源 (太阳能,风能,水能,生物质,石油,煤炭,天然气) 的影响.
- 评估G20经济体内可再生能源领域的外国直接投资 (FDI) 的作用.
主要方法:
- 应用能源-环境库兹涅茨曲线 (EKC) 方法来分析收入-能源关系.
- 对G20国家从1997年到2020年的数据进行时间序列分析.
- 检查收入水平与可再生 (太阳能,风能,水能,生物质) 和非可再生 (石油,煤炭,天然气) 能源的消费之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 风能,太阳能和生物质能显示出与收入的反向N形关系.
- 水力发电显示出一贯的积极趋势,不符合传统的EKC形状.
- 非可再生能源 (煤炭,石油,天然气) 遵循N形EKC曲线,表明在潜在下降之前,随着经济增长而增加消费.
- 在太阳能和风能领域观察到外国直接投资 (FDI) 的积极影响,尽管在阻止有害投资方面的总体成功有限.
结论:
- 二十国集团国家正在向绿色转型迈进,某些可再生能源的作用越来越大.
- 为了使经济从"棕色" (基于化石燃料) 完全过渡到"绿色" (基于可再生能源),需要进行重大技术创新.
- 政策建议包括建立研究机构,提供财政激励,促进学术界,工业界和政府之间的合作,以促进绿色技术研发.
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