食欲和厌恶的暗示反应区分了饮酒者的神经亚型
Yu Chen1, Chiang-Shan R Li1,2,3,4
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Addiction neuroscience
|July 24, 2023
概括
这项研究揭示了对药物暗示的食欲和厌恶反应的独特大脑电路,根据饮酒者的神经反应来确定"接近"和"避免"亚型. 这些亚型表现出与酒精使用有关的不同个性特征和期望.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 渴望,吸毒的冲动,受到积极和消极情绪的影响.
- 以前的研究还没有系统地探索这些情绪状态在物质滥用病理生理学中的不同作用.
- 了解这些机制对于开发针对成的有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 使用元分析识别食欲和厌恶反应对药物线索的独特神经相关物.
- 用功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 来表征这些饮酒者的食欲和厌恶暗示反应.
- 根据他们对线索的神经反应来调查潜在的饮酒者亚型.
主要方法:
- 在货币激励延迟任务中对药物暗示引起的反应性和赢/输处理进行了元分析.
- 在76名饮酒者进行fMRI扫描,这些饮酒者在一个提示渴望任务中进行了fMRI扫描.
- 分析成像数据以识别神经回路,并根据提示响应模式将参与者分为"接近"",避免"和"混合"亚型.
主要成果:
- 确定了不同的神经电路:一个食欲电路 (中叶皮层区域,腹腔条纹体) 和一个厌恶电路 (岛屿,尾状,中状皮层).
- 观察到食欲和厌恶暗示引起的活动之间的显著相关性,与个体差异.
- 具有特征的亚型:"避开"亚型表现出更高的惩罚敏感性;"接近"亚型表现出更高的感觉寻求和酒精预期.
结论:
- 这项研究强调了在物质使用中诱导反应的食欲和厌恶成分的独特神经支.
- 提供了具有独特临床特征的不同类型的饮酒者 ("接近"和"避免") 的证据.
- 这些发现可能会为饮酒障碍的更个性化的治疗策略提供信息.
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