常规形成中的年龄差异:自动化,动机和执行功能的作用
Irene van de Vijver1,2,3, Lotte P Brinkhof1,2, Sanne de Wit1,2
1Habit Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Frontiers in psychology
|July 24, 2023
概括
认知能力下降的老年人可以通过形成自动化程序来改善药物坚持. 在老年人中,更高的动机和经历过的自动性导致了更好的每日药片摄入规律.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 药物坚持对健康至关重要,特别是在老年人中.
- 与年龄相关的认知衰退往往会对药物坚持产生负面影响.
- 常规训练在补偿老年人认知能力下降方面的作用需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查老年人是否可以通过形成自动化程序来弥补与年龄相关的认知衰退.
- 为了比较年轻人和老年人之间的每日药物坚持和主观自动性.
- 检查调解与年龄相关的药物坚持差异的因素.
主要方法:
- 在健康的年轻人 (18-29岁) 和老年人 (65-86岁) 中,在4周内直接比较每日安慰剂药物治疗的坚持.
- 评估认知功能,包括工作记忆,前性记忆,任务切换和目标导向控制.
- 测量服用药物的主观自动性,习惯倾向和明确的战略规划.
主要成果:
- 较年长的成年人表现出比年轻的成年人更好的每日服用药物的坚持,尽管与年龄相关的认知功能下降.
- 年长的成年人报告了更高的药丸摄入的主观自动性,支持增加常规形成的假设.
- 药丸摄入自动化与不同年龄组的摄入规律性和认真度有关;与年龄相关的坚持增加是由经验丰富的自动化和动机介导的.
结论:
- 老年人可以成功地形成日常的药物治疗程序,通过增强的自动性和动机来弥补认知衰退.
- 完整的习惯过程和高度的动力是使老年人能够保持药物坚持的关键因素.
- 研究结果强调了日常培养和激励支持对老年人群药物坚持的重要性.
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