教育对健康的分配影响
Silvia H Barcellos1, Leandro S Carvalho2, Patrick Turley3
1University of Southern California and an affiliate of NBER.
概括
增加教育,通过提高退学年龄,减少了中年肥胖和增加了中年血压. 这项研究强调了教育政策对人口健康的长期健康影响.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 教育成就与健康结果有关.
- 政策变化可以创建准实验性设置来研究这些联系.
- 了解分布效应是有针对性的干预措施的关键.
研究的目的:
- 调查增加教育对特定健康措施的因果关系.
- 检查这些影响在健康分布中如何变化.
- 评估教育政策改革对健康的长期影响.
主要方法:
- 使用自然实验进行回归不连续性设计.
- 对一个大群体 (129,000个人) 的客观健康措施的分析.
- 专注于受1972年英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士最低退学年龄增加影响的个人.
主要成果:
- 延长教育导致中年人体尺寸减少,血压升高.
- 在体型分布的上尾部观察到肥胖的显著减少 (8个百分点).
- 血压升高集中在尾巴下部;对第二阶段高血压没有影响.
结论:
- 提高最低退学年龄对长期健康有着显著的,尽管多样化的,影响.
- 教育政策可以影响人口健康,特别是影响肥胖和血压.
- 这些健康影响的分布性需要细微的政策考虑.
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