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相关概念视频

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources, and lay...
Intelligence01:27

Intelligence

The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember detailed...
Role-Based Identity01:21

Role-Based Identity

Role-based identities are central to understanding how individuals navigate social environments by adopting distinct self-conceptions aligned with various societal roles. These identities are not fixed traits but are constructed through personal actions and the social feedback individuals receive in context-specific interactions. Each social role, such as student, teacher, or friend, carries a set of expectations and norms that influence how people think, feel, and behave within that...
Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions01:29

Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions

Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...

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相关实验视频

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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超越"圣三位一体"的行政职能:一个范围审查

Natália Martins Dias1, Isabela Espezin Helsdingen1, Eduarda Kammers Rita Momm de Lins1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina.

Neuropsychology
|July 24, 2023
PubMed
概括

这一范围审查揭示了除了抑制控制和工作记忆等核心组件之外的广泛的执行功能 (EF). 为了有效评估和干预各种执行职能,需要在概念化和方法上更加清晰.

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学

背景情况:

  • 执行功能 (EF) 对终身结果至关重要,通常研究的是抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性.
  • 在科学文献中缺乏对其他EF的全面理解,它们的评估和干预.

研究的目的:

  • 进行范围审查,绘制研究中执行职能的概念和方法方法.
  • 识别执行职能组件和评估方法的多样性,超出核心组件.

主要方法:

  • 按照PRISMA-ScR指南进行系统范围审查.
  • 在主要数据库 (APA PsycInfo,Medline,Scopus,LILACS,SciELO) 中从2017年至2022年进行搜索.
  • 分析了242项研究,在严格选和随机抽样后,从3473篇初步文章中进行了选择.

主要成果:

  • 专注于发达国家成年人和老年人的健康应用的研究占主导地位.
  • 关于EF的共识是多维的,但缺乏明确的理论模型识别.
  • 在已识别的EF组件,评估工具 (主要是性能测试) 和构造-仪器对齐方面存在显著的多样性.

结论:

  • 审查确定了被归类为EFs的广泛技能,超出了传统的核心组件.
  • 用于EF评估的仪器显示出相当多的多样性,在构造-仪器关系中注意到矛盾.
  • 提高概念清晰度,结构定义和方法严谨性对于推进EF评估和干预研究至关重要.