在大干旱期间,尽管长期支持繁殖,但临灭绝的沙漠鱼的遗传侵蚀
Megan J Osborne1, Thomas P Archdeacon2, Charles B Yackulic3
1Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, MSC 03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
概括
西南超级干旱和用水威胁着临灭绝的里约格兰德银色小鱼. 尽管化场鱼,遗传多样性正在下降,因为低丰度和增加化场产卵.
科学领域:
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 美国西南部的河流流量因人类的用水和大干旱而减少,导致水生物种的干燥和威胁.
- 临灭绝的里约格兰德银色小鱼 (Hybognathus amarus) 面临着由于环境变化和补充策略的种群减少和遗传多样性丧失.
- 繁荣与衰退的人口动态可以降低有效的人口规模,并随着时间的推移侵蚀遗传多样性.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究基因多样性,有效种群规模和里约格兰德银色小鱼在二十年中的丰富性之间的关系.
- 评估化场原产鱼类补充对遗传多样性和实际种群规模的影响.
- 为保护这个危物种在环境压力下的管理策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 来自野生和化场原产地里约格兰德银色小鱼种群的人口和遗传数据的分析.
- 使用链接不平衡 (LD Ne) 方法估计有效种群规模.
- 统计检查了等位基因多样性,丰度和化场产卵动物比例的趋势.
主要成果:
- 从2017年开始,等位基多样性显著下降,尽管有保护工作,但仍然很低.
- 实际种群大小 (LD Ne) 与野生和总丰度正相关,但与化场产卵动物的比例负相关.
- 巨型干旱条件限制了野生产卵动物的丰富性,并阻止了化场的繁殖种群用野生鱼补充.
结论:
- 河流人口越来越多地由发育场起源的个体主导,导致加速遗传多样性丧失.
- 目前的补充策略可能不足以抵消大干旱和遗传侵蚀的负面影响.
- 建议制定适应性管理计划,将河流管理和化场运营整合起来,以减缓遗传多样性丧失.
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