[运动和饮食在结直肠癌预防和治疗中]
Michaela Ute Adamek1, Laura Bergmann2, Henning Ernst Adamek2
1Lehrstuhl für Sportmedizin, Fakultät für Human- und Sozialwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
身体活动可以降低结肠直肠癌的风险,减少并发症. 运动和营养相结合的预康复计划可以改善结果,尽管需要更多关于营养的研究.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌是欧洲主要的癌症,存活率增加,但与治疗相关的发病率显著.
- 身体活动对癌症风险产生积极影响,可以减轻外科和术后并发症.
- 现代疗法提高了结直肠癌患者的生存率,但发病率仍然令人担忧.
研究的目的:
- 审查结直肠癌中身体活动和营养的证据.
- 评估预康复对手术结果的影响.
- 识别有关体力活动和营养的现有研究中的差距,跨越结直肠疾病的各个阶段.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed和谷歌学者中搜索到2022年9月之前的英语和德语研究.
- 包括搜索术语:身体活动,结肠癌,结肠直肠癌,饮食,幸存者,预康复,术后发病率,生活质量,结果.
- 纳入国家指导方针和科克莱恩审查.
主要成果:
- 身体活动与降低结肠癌风险 (12-27%的降低) 有关,表观遗传机制起着关键作用.
- 预康复计划 (运动,营养,心理社会支持) 可以减少外科和术后并发症.
- 有氧运动和力量训练可以提高生存率并降低整体死亡率,但营养和癌症症状 (如疲劳) 之间没有直接联系.
结论:
- 虽然关于体力活动和营养的大量研究存在,但它们在所有结直肠疾病阶段的具体作用需要进一步调查.
- 基于证据的预康复和三级预防建议受到异质试验数据的限制.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明营养干预对癌症相关症状的影响.
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