使用假设主导的机器学习和等级集群分析来识别痴呆症之前的疾病途径:纵向队列研究
Shih-Tsung Huang1,2, Fei-Yuan Hsiao3,4,5, Tsung-Hsien Tsai6
1Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Journal of medical Internet research
|July 26, 2023
概括
机器学习确定了49种痴呆症前的疾病模式,通常从心血管或脑血管问题开始,其次是神经或传染病. 这些发现有助于理解痴呆症的发展和潜在的预防策略.
科学领域:
- 老年病学和神经病学
- 计算生物学和生物信息学
背景情况:
- 痴呆症的发病是一个复杂的,多因素的过程,受各种健康状况的顺序和相互作用的影响.
- 了解这些痴呆前疾病模式对于制定有效的预防和干预策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 识别疾病或症状的特定模式和序列,这些疾病或症状在痴呆症发作之前发生.
- 利用机器学习为分析导致痴呆的疾病轨迹提供一种新的方法.
主要方法:
- 台湾国家健康保险研究数据库的分析,包括15700名痴呆患者和匹配的对照.
- 机器学习的应用,包括支持向量机 (SVM) 与子组 LASSO 回归,以识别等级疾病三重组集群.
- 开发一个四步算法:数据预处理,路径选择,模型构建和数据可视化.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了6215个等级性疾病的三重集群,其中49个与痴呆症发病有显著的相关性.
- 最常见的痴呆症前体模式涉及心血管 (高血压) 或脑血管疾病,其次是运动障碍,感染或神经精神疾病.
- 优化的SVM模型实现了0.615的精度,AUC为0.639.
结论:
- 机器学习成功地确定了49个重要的疾病集群和痴呆症前的疾病序列.
- 心血管和脑血管疾病发挥着主要作用,感染和神经精神疾病作为痴呆症发展的支持因素.
- 在不同人群中验证这些预测算法对于制定全球痴呆症预防和护理策略至关重要.
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