在铁器时代的战场上重新评估三类和四类箭头的终端弹道性能
Devin B Pettigrew1, William Taylor1
1Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America.
PloS one
|July 26, 2023
概括
射弹实验揭示了铁器时代的箭头设计如何影响战场性能. 不同的目标,比如粘土与皮革,显示了三角动物箭头在整个欧亚大陆如何被采用.
科学领域:
- 考古学的考古学
- 实验考古学实验考古学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 箭头是欧亚铁器时代的关键文物,对于理解古代战争和社会变化至关重要.
- 弹子实验提供了对古代武器性能的见解,但如果目标材料不反映历史使用情况,则可能会产生误导.
- 之前的研究经常使用同质的目标,可能误解了箭头形态学的功能意义.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究铁器时代箭头形态和设计选择之间的关系.
- 评估不同的目标媒体如何影响对射弹实验结果的解释.
- 为了解释在整个欧亚大陆广泛采用特定的箭头类型,如三角形箭头.
主要方法:
- 使用各种铁器时代的箭头进行弹子实验.
- 利用不同的目标模拟剂,包括陶器粘土和厚厚的工具皮革,以代表不同的历史目标.
- 分析了基于形态和目标材料的箭头点透和性能.
主要成果:
- 有更多刀片的箭头显示,陶器粘土模拟剂的透率降低.
- 相比之下,相同的箭头在被射入厚厚的工具皮革时表现出不同的性能特征,模拟了人体盔甲.
- 这些发现挑战了基于有限的目标媒体的先前解释.
结论:
- 目标材料的选择显著影响了对古代箭头的弹头实验的解释.
- 最初是为马弓箭手开发的三角形箭头,由于它们对包括皮革盔甲在内的各种目标的有效性,越来越多地被采用.
- 这项研究有助于解释欧亚考古记录中关于箭头点进化和扩散的观察模式.
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