奖励延迟在视觉搜索中退出
Guanlan Kang1, Xiaoxiao Luo2,3, Lihan Chen4
1School of Psychology, Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Psychological research
|July 27, 2023
概括
奖励可以阻碍视觉搜索性能,特别是当目标缺席时. 这项研究发现,虽然奖励加速了目标检测,但当没有目标时,它矛盾地增加了错误,这表明人们倾向于说"是".
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 视觉感知 视觉感知 视觉感知
- 决策 决策 决策 决策
背景情况:
- 奖励通常会增强目标导向的行为,提高反应时间和目标歧视等任务的准确性.
- 奖励对目标检测的具体影响,参与者必须区分目标的存在和缺席,仍然不太了解.
- 之前的研究表明,奖励有助于提高绩效,但其对需要"不去"决定的任务的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查奖励可用性如何影响视觉目标检测搜索任务中的性能.
- 确定奖励的促进作用是否延伸到目标缺席的情况.
- 检查底层机制,特别是响应偏差,受视觉搜索中奖励的影响.
主要方法:
- 参与者完成了一个视觉搜索任务,试验对试验奖励的可用性是通过搜索阵列的颜色来指示的.
- 实验涉及不同的目标存在概率 (50%,80%,20%) 和响应基线.
- 用信号检测分析来评估响应标准的变化.
主要成果:
- 当目标在奖励条件下存在时,与没有奖励条件相比,参与者反应更快,犯错误更少.
- 当目标缺席时,观察到反向效应,奖励导致反应缓慢,错误增加 (干扰).
- 信号检测分析表明,奖励有偏见的参与者对"是"的反应,增加不愿意消极地结束搜索.
结论:
- 奖励对目标导向行为的影响不是普遍促进的,并且在特定情况下可能是有害的,例如目标检测.
- 奖励通过产生对"不"反应的偏见来延长视觉搜索过程,导致目标缺席时的干扰.
- 这些发现突出了奖励动机和视觉搜索终结中的决策过程之间的复杂相互作用.
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