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Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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评估复制成功的对应措施.

Peter M Steiner1, Patrick Sheehan1, Vivian C Wong2

  • 1University of Maryland, College Park.

Psychological methods
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在社会科学中,复制成功的措施各不相同,影响研究结论. 这项研究比较了常见的方法,并引入了一个新的对应性测试,以更好地评估复制概率.

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科学领域:

  • 社会和行为科学 社会和行为科学
  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 研究方法研究方法论.

背景情况:

  • 社会和行为科学中的可复制性危机需要强大的方法来评估复制成功.
  • 目前用于比较跨研究的影响估计的措施缺乏广泛的共识.
  • 复制成功的结论对所选择的对应度量很敏感.

研究的目的:

  • 正式描述和比较用于评估复制成功的常用措施.
  • 根据它们的复制概率来评估不同指标的性能.
  • 引入一种新的"对应性测试"来确定复制成功.

主要方法:

  • 基于结论和基于距离的复制措施的正式描述.
  • 通过使用复制概率,在各种研究环境中比较措施的表现.
  • 开发用于功率计算的闭式公式,以帮助规划复制研究.
  • 测量对现实世界复制数据集的应用 (开放科学协作,2015年).

主要成果:

  • 证明复制成功的结论取决于所使用的特定对应度量.
  • 不同措施的性能因研究特定设置而有所不同.
  • 拟议的对应性测试整合了差异和等价性测试.

结论:

  • 选择复制测量方法显著影响复制成功的解释.
  • 研究人员需要仔细选择适当的措施来评估复制.
  • 该研究为规划更可靠的复制努力提供了工具和见解.