准备一项任务就足以产生影响任务执行的后续任务切换成本
Rachel Swainson1, Laura Joy Prosser1, Motonori Yamaguchi2
1School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen.
概括
任务准备和执行都会影响认知任务交换成本. 准备一个任务而没有执行它会产生转换成本,实际执行会在随后的任务中进一步增加这些成本.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 即使在准备任务而不执行任务后,也会观察到任务交换成本.
- 任务准备与执行对转换成本的确切贡献仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 区分任务准备和任务执行对后续交换成本的影响.
- 调查转换成本是否反映了对准备或绩效的影响.
主要方法:
- 采用双重注册程序,涉及只有预警和已完成的试验.
- 参与者对任务提示和目标刺激都有反应.
主要成果:
- 在两种试验类型的暗示反应后,暗示交换成本都出现了.
- 在两种试验类型之后,目标响应的任务交换成本都出现了.
- 完成试验后,任务交换成本比仅使用提示的试验更高.
结论:
- 任务准备本身就会影响后续任务的执行.
- 任务执行增加了超出准备的交换成本.
- 准备和执行都对观察到的任务交换成本有所贡献.
相关概念视频
01:01Production Efficiency
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
01:29Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions
Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
01:14Scale-Up Processes
The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...