有样本祖先的语言树支持印欧语言起源的混合模型
Paul Heggarty1,2,3, Cormac Anderson3, Matthew Scarborough3,4
1Departamento de Humanidades, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 15088 Lima, Peru.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 27, 2023
概括
印欧语系可能起源于约8120年前,在高加索南部,不仅仅来自安纳托利亚或草原. 这项研究使用了新的词汇数据库和族系分析来阐明语言的起源.
科学领域:
- 历史语言学
- 计算遗传学
- 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 印欧语言家族的起源是一个长期的争论.
- 之前对核心词汇的贝叶斯族遗传学分析产生了关于其原产地和分散的相互矛盾的假设.
- 这些假设包括从安纳托利亚 (大约公元9000年) 的农业扩张. 或从庞特-里海草原 (公元前6000年) 通过牧场传播. ) 的情况.
研究的目的:
- 解决印欧语言家族起源研究中的矛盾结果.
- 为印欧语言家族建立一个更准确的时间表和潜在的家园.
- 整合语言数据与最近的古老DNA证据.
主要方法:
- 编制一个广泛的印欧语核心词汇数据库,解决过去的相关编码不一致.
- 在精心策划的词汇数据集中应用祖先基因分析.
- 语言发现与关键地区发表的古老DNA证据的协调.
主要成果:
- 分析表明很少有古代语言是现代印欧族的直接祖先.
- 一个根的年龄大约8120年前 (年B.P.) 是印欧语系的语言家族.
- 这些发现支持高加索以南的祖国,随后向北扩张到草原和整个欧洲,符合混合假设.
结论:
- 这项研究为印欧语言家族提供了精细的年龄估计,挑战纯粹的安纳托利亚或草原起源.
- 一个南高加索的家园,其后是一个复杂的分散模式,是建议的.
- 这些结果为理解印欧起源的语言和遗传证据提供了一个框架.
相关概念视频
01:23Phylogeny
44.5K
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
44.5K
03:21Phylogenetic Trees
45.5K
Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
45.5K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.8K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.8K
02:31Synteny and Evolution
3.3K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.3K
02:29Hybrid Zones
17.1K
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
17.1K
01:54Convergent Evolution
27.9K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
27.9K