与艾滋病毒相关的肺部疾病
Ioannis Konstantinidis1, Kristina Crothers2, Ken M Kunisaki3
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Nature reviews. Disease primers
|July 27, 2023
概括
艾滋病毒感染者面临更高的慢性肺部疾病的风险,即使有有效的治疗. 戒烟和进一步的研究对于管理与艾滋病毒相关的肺部疾病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 艾滋病毒感染增加了对急性和慢性肺部疾病的易感性.
- 虽然抗逆转录病毒疗法可以减少传染性肺病的负担,但慢性肺病仍然是艾滋病毒感染者的重要关注点.
- 吸烟在艾滋病毒感染者中更为常见,是艾滋病毒相关肺部疾病的主要危险因素.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前对艾滋病毒相关肺部疾病的理解,包括风险因素和潜在机制.
- 突出评估,预防和治疗策略中的挑战.
- 强调需要进一步研究,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和现有关于艾滋病毒相关肺部疾病研究的综合.
- 分析风险因素,包括吸烟,年龄,先前感染和免疫抑制.
- 检查机械路径,如免疫失调,炎症,氧化应激和微生物群变化等.
主要成果:
- 艾滋病毒感染者患慢性肺部疾病的风险增加,如COPD,喘和肺癌.
- 关键的因素包括吸烟,年龄较大,有特定感染史 (细菌性肺炎,肺囊炎肺炎,结核病) 和免疫抑制.
- 机制包括异常免疫,炎症,氧化应激,改变的肺/肠道微生物群和环境暴露.
结论:
- 戒烟是艾滋病毒相关肺部疾病的关键干预措施.
- 目前的管理策略通常是从未感染艾滋病毒的人群中推断出来的,因此需要量身定制的方法.
- 需要更多的研究来了解长期后果,并优化全球艾滋病毒感染者的呼吸系统护理.
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